A Step-by-Step Guide to Build a Low-Cost Drone using ESP32.
Introduction to Drones
Drones have transitioned from being simple recreational devices to versatile tools with numerous applications across various industries. They are utilized for tasks such as aerial photography, agricultural monitoring, and even defense and military operations. Despite their apparent simplicity, drones rely on complex technology and computation for proper operation and to achieve desired outcomes.
In this project, we aim to build a drone that can be controlled wirelessly using a smartphone (DIY Wi-Fi Controlled Drone). We’ll be using readily available components such as ESP32 modules, MPU6050 IMU, coreless motors, and plastic propellers. This DIY approach allows enthusiasts to create their own drone without the need for expensive or specialized equipment.
Key Features of the DIY Drone
The DIY drone we’re building offers several key features:
- Smartphone Control: Users can control the drone using their smartphones, leveraging WiFi connectivity for ease of operation.
- Stability Control: The drone is equipped with an MPU6050 IMU for stability control, ensuring smooth flight performance.
- All-in-One PCB Design: We’ve designed a compact PCB layout that eliminates the need for additional 3D printed parts, simplifying the assembly process.
- Upgradability: Additional features such as position or height hold can be integrated using external modules, allowing for future customization.
- Compact and Lightweight: The drone is designed to be small and lightweight, making it portable and easy to maneuver.
- Built-in Convenience: Built-in battery charging and a USB interface for programming and debugging add convenience to the user experience.
- Compatibility: The drone is compatible with both Android and iOS devices, enabling a wide range of users to control it.
- Open-Source Flexibility: The drone’s open-source architecture allows users to customize and modify it according to their preferences and requirements.
Components Needed
To build the DIY drone, we’ll need various components including ESP32 modules, MPU6050 IMU, coreless motors, propellers, PCBs, and other electronic components. This list provides a comprehensive overview of all the necessary parts required for the project.
We’ve provided an approximate cost estimate for building the drone, taking into account the prices of individual components. Keep in mind that actual costs may vary depending on factors such as vendor pricing and availability.
Circuit Diagram and Schematics
The circuit diagram for the DIY WiFi Controlled Drone illustrates how different components are connected, including the USB port for charging and programming, voltage regulation for stable power supply, and battery charging mechanism. It also highlights the integration of the ESP32 SoC and MPU6050 PMU for flight control and stabilization, along with motor driver circuits for controlling motor speed and direction.
PCB Design
The PCB design for the drone ensures compactness and ease of assembly. It incorporates mounting feet for the drone and provides a sturdy platform for all electronic components. Renderings of the top and bottom layers of the PCB, as well as a 3D view of the fully assembled drone, demonstrate the layout and organization of the circuitry.
Understanding the propeller direction is crucial for ensuring proper operation of the drone. During the power-on self-test, users need to verify that the propellers spin correctly and are oriented according to the specified configuration to achieve optimal flight performance.
Firmware and Programming
The firmware for the DIY drone is based on the ESP-drone firmware from Espressif and is coded using ESP-IDF version 4.4.5. It controls various aspects of the drone’s operation, including user commands, sensor data processing, and motor control. Detailed instructions are provided for installing and configuring the firmware, allowing users to customize and optimize the drone’s functionality according to their preferences and requirements.
Once the drone is assembled and programmed, users can connect to its WiFi hotspot using their smartphones and control its movements using the accompanying app. Pre-flight checks are important to ensure that the drone is functioning properly before takeoff.
Supporting Files
All necessary files, including schematics, PCB designs, and firmware, are available for download from the Circuit Digest GitHub repository. These files provide users with the resources they need to build and customize their own DIY drones.
Here is the complete Tutorial — https://youtu.be/uzZjk0TQKtU
